Below is my answer to the question Is Mohammed’s Allah the Father of Jesus posed on page 25 of Timothy Tennant's text "Theology in the Context of World Christianity." This was an assignment for Basic Christian Doctrine with Steve Seamands
There exist reasons to believe that they are the same. Christians, Jews, and Muslims all reference God in monotheistic terms, describing their God as a sole, supreme being. Only one Supreme Being can exist; to identify multiple Supreme Beings is a contradiction (31-32). In this respect, yes, Christians and Muslim are worshiping the same God, “THE God.” However, what they each understand about their God is contradictory and therefore the topic is debatable. Additionally, the term Allah has been contextualized to the point that it refers specifically to the god of Islam (45-46).
Whereas, Muslims accept much of Christian scripture, they obviously see that Allah is the equivalent to God. However, in that they alter Christian teachings, they have determined that Christianity and Judaism have corrupted the text (34). They believe that we worship the same God, but that Christians have some of the details wrong.
Each religion sees God based on particular revelation that is important to their faith and might identify their God (or Allah) as the same figure, yet corrupted. The ‘truth’ regarding those figures is very different; Muslims see Christians as mistaken on some key points and the Christians see Muslims as either, at worst, inventing a religion or, at best, following a questionable prophet (41-42).
It really boils down to a debate about the Character of God, what each faith believes true of God, for example, the divinity and purpose of Christ. Because in Christianity this is essential, it is impossible to reconcile the two religions as to belief in the same deity. Although, it is true that no one worships the same God (33), the divinity and sacrificial death of Jesus Christ is so imperative to Christianity, that without it the entire religion and, consequently, the character of God is lost. So, although God and Allah can mean the same thing, although you could even possibly argue that God and Allah are the same deity, Jesus is not the Son of Muhammad’s Allah.
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